![]() Great examples of passive UHF tags are here and here. Their advantage is usage of same protocols and frequency as far-field UHF combined with good penetration of liquids and moist materials and short read range. Within passive UHF there are also Near Field tags that utilize the near field and these have read ranges only a few inches. Passive tags in very small form factors can be also used for anti-counterfeiting. Passive tags can be also used for personnel tracking, patient tracking and event management. Passive tags are also used for asset management that includes computer and IT asset tracking, furniture, equipment, uniform and laundry tracking and returnable asset management in manufacturing, healthcare, logistics and other industries. They are most commonly used for inventory control and supply chain management of goods, parts and materials, and for case and pallet tracking in retail, manufacturing, pharma, logistics, military and other industries. Passive Ultra High Frequency (860-960 MHz) tags have the longest read ranges of all passive tags (up to 15 feet, sometimes more) but do not penetrate water or moist materials. You can find examples of HF and NFC tags here. NFC is widely used for touchless payment. Lately you have probably heard about NFC (Near Field Communication), which is a type of RFID and also utilizes High Frequency and some of the same standards. Another application is tagging pharmaceuticals, library books or laundry. They are perhaps most used tags in general as they are used for access control cards. Passive High Frequency (13.56 MHz) tags have also quite short read ranges (around few inches) and also good penetration of liquids and moist materials. They are commonly used for animal tracking (livestock and pets) as well as in car immobilizers (the tag is embedded in the key). Passive Low Frequency (125 kHz) tags have very short read ranges but very good penetration of liquids and moist materials. ![]() Because passive tags utilize multiple frequencies, that result in different tag performance, their applications also differ by frequency. Read range for semi-passive tags could be counted in dozens of feet and they can have also extensive memory.īecause passive tags have the lowest cost of these three types, they are commonly used to tag high volumes of items in applications that will not require long read ranges. The signal from the reader is still reflected, however, the battery powers the chip, so it does not need as much energy from the reader, which allows to respond even to weaker signal and results in longer read ranges than what could be achieved with traditional passive tags. They have a power source but no transmitter and the battery is used to aid the communication. Semi-passive tags are somewhat of a hybrid of these two types of technology. This type of tags can communicate over hundreds of feet and have very large memory. The active tags on the other hand, have their own power source (a battery) and a transmitter and use these two components to broadcast the information to the interrogator (they can broadcast even when the interrogator is not present, this is called beaconing). They communicate with the interrogator by reflecting and modulating these waves, which results in relatively short read ranges from a few inches to approximately 15 feet. The passive RFID tags have no internal power source and they draw the power from the RF waves sent by the interrogator.
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